Back to Normandy - Recently Added Listings - Nazi and Allied Terror https://backtonormandy.org/ Fri, 29 Mar 2024 12:10:33 +0100 FeedCreator 1.7.3 Levie Israëls https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/deported-jews/215537-zwolle-deportation-237.html

The Holocaust, the destruction of European Jewry by the Nazis between January 30, 1933 and May 8, 1945, is commemorated in many ways and times today. Relatively new are the so-called Stolpersteine. The first of these 'stumbling stones' were laid in Berlin-Kreuzberg in 1996, still more or less illegally. Cities and towns in other European countries followed soon. This record is from https://www.stolpersteine-zwolle.nl, with an overview of almost 500 Jews deported and killed. On this location, Melkmarkt 43 in Zwolle lived Levie Isra?ls, born in Hoogezand on 1904-08-21 and was murdered in Mauthausen on 1943-01-09. When desired I will publish your photo and/or story.

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fredvogels Mon, 05 Feb 2024 15:32:58 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/deported-jews/215537-zwolle-deportation-237.html
Aaltje Bilderbeek https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/deported-jews/215611-zwolle-deportation-311.html

The Holocaust, the destruction of European Jewry by the Nazis between January 30, 1933 and May 8, 1945, is commemorated in many ways and times today. Relatively new are the so-called Stolpersteine. The first of these 'stumbling stones' were laid in Berlin-Kreuzberg in 1996, still more or less illegally. Cities and towns in other European countries followed soon. This record is from https://www.stolpersteine-zwolle.nl, with an overview of almost 500 Jews deported and killed. On this location, Roggenstraat 9 in Zwolle lived Aaltje Bilderbeek, born in Zwolle on 18-8-1862 and was murdered in Sobibor on 1943-04-16. When desired I will publish your photo and/or story.

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fredvogels Tue, 16 May 2023 13:29:58 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/deported-jews/215611-zwolle-deportation-311.html
Maarten van Gilse https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/execution-spots/215299-maarten-van-gilse.html
 

Bron: https://spanjestrijders.nl/bio/gilse-maarten-van

Maarten van Gilse was ‘een geboren zwerver, een zoeker’. Zo staat het in zijn overlijdensbericht in het verzetsblad De Vrije Kunstenaar van 15 november 1943, enkele weken nadat hij door de Duitsers was gefusilleerd. Het reizen en zwerven was hem min of meer met de paplepel ingegoten, omdat zijn vader, de musicus Jan van Gilse, in verschillende Duitse en Nederlandse steden symfonieorkesten dirigeerde. Maarten van Gilse werd geboren in München op 2 juni 1916 en woonde achtereenvolgens in Utrecht, Laren, Zürich en van 1927 tot 1933 in Berlijn. In deze stad vol dreiging van opkomend fascisme  bracht hij dus zijn tienerjaren door. Hij werkte  als hulpregisseur bij een jeugdtheatergezelschap, totdat het hele gezin Van Gilse na het aan de macht komen van Hitler Duitsland de rug toekeerde.

Maartens bijnaam werd al gauw ‘Mik’. Dat rijmde op Janrik, de naam van zijn oudere broer, waar hij enorm tegenop keek. Zozeer zelfs dat hij wel eens de schoenen van Janrik aantrok, die een paar maten groter waren.  Toch is het niet zo dat de jongere broer in de voetsporen van de oudere trad, het was eerder andersom: Maarten ging Janrik voor naar Spanje, en uiteindelijk ook in de dood. Ook werd Maarten niet lid van de CPN, de partij waar Janrik de beste tijd van zijn leven zou doorbrengen. Wel maakte Maarten al op jonge leeftijd deel uit van een kring linkse en linksige kunstenaars, schrijvers en fotografen in Amsterdam, waartoe ook (arbeiders-)fotograaf Carel Blazer en de schrijvers C. J. Kelk en Walter Brandligt behoorden. Hij trok vooral met Carel Blazer op. Ze maakten reisreportages en probeerden die aan de bladen te verkopen.

Maarten haalde de krant in 1935, toen hij een reis maakte door Frankrijk, Zwitserland en Italië. Daar raakte hij per ongeluk verzeild op militair terrein, waarop Mussolini’s marechaussee hem arresteerde en een maand gevangen zette, verdacht van spionage. Zijn familie had zich razend ongerust gemaakt. Maarten van Gilse wist zich dankzij dit incident op de kaart te zetten als voormalig ‘regisseur bij het Berlijnse jeugdtoneel’, thans freelance journalist, ‘verbonden aan enkele bladen’ (Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad, 28 december 1935). Lef had deze negentienjarige in elk geval.

In maart 1937 vertrokken Carel Blazer en Maarten van Gilse voor drie maanden naar Spanje. Ze gingen vermoedelijk liftend en bleven een paar dagen in het Zuid-Franse Cagnes-sur-Mer hangen, waar zowel C.J. Kelk als Walter Brandligt een huis had. De Vrije Kunstenaar van 15 november 1943 memoreert: ‘In Spanje verrichtte hij belangrijk werk…in samenwerking met verscheidene fotografen stelde hij belangwekkende reportages samen, waarvan de publicatie door den oorlog werd verhinderd.’ In het onderzoek voor deze biografische schets is het niet gelukt om deze reportages, in gepubliceerde of ongepubliceerde vorm, te achterhalen. Mogelijk zijn ze in buitenlandse bladen verschenen. Zeker is dat zij dit journalistieke werk als een vorm van antifascistische strijd beschouwden. Op de terugweg moet Maarten het pad van zijn broer Janrik gekruist hebben, die op weg was om politiek commissaris voor de CPN en de Komintern in Albacete te worden. Maarten ging in Nederland werken bij het Jeugdtoneel.

Het motto van de broers Van Gilse was: ‘Onder schat de tegenstander nooit, wees permanent op je hoede’. Daarmee gingen ze allebei in mei 1940 de illegaliteit in. Maarten richtte samen met zijn vader en Gerrit van der Veen De Vrije Kunstenaar op, een orgaan voor de kunstenaars die het vertikten lid te worden van bij de Kultuurkamer. Het verscheen vanaf mei 1942. Via Gerrit van der Veen sloot Van Gilse zich aan bij de Persoonsbewijzen Centrale, die eind 1942 op grote schaal kon gaan opereren. Zo’n honderd medewerkers vervaardigden 65.000 valse persoonsbewijzen en 75.000 bonkaarten en Maarten was daar een van. Net als Van der Veen specialiseerde hij zich in de gecompliceerde techniek van de watermerken.

Van Gilse was ook betrokken bij de door oud-Spanjestrijder Gerrit Kasteinopgerichte sabotagegroep CS6 en deed mee met de voorbereiding van de aanslag op het Amsterdamse Bevolkingsregister in maart 1943.  Hij werd verliefd op Marianne van Raamsdonk, die ook voor CS6 en de Persoonsbewijzen Centrale werkte. Het stel zat ondergedoken in het atelier van de bevriende beeldhouwer Piet Damsté aan de Prinsengracht, op steenworp afstand van het Achterhuis en de Westertoren. Maarten verfde zijn haar en liet een snor groeien om de Duitsers om de tuin te leiden.  Dag en nacht werkten ze aan het vervalsen van documenten, er was speed voor nodig – Pervitine – om het koortsachtige tempo vol te kunnen houden. In de zomer van 1943 vertrokken ze om de liefde te vieren voor een paar weken naar Eijsden, waar Piet Damsté een kasteeltje had gehuurd om er een trefpunt voor kunstenaars van te maken. Behalve veel vrienden ontmoetten ze in dit Kasteel Oost een leuk hondje, dat ze ‘Troela’ doopten. Eenmaal terug in Amsterdam met deze aanwinst, ging het vrijwel meteen mis.

De Sicherheitspolizei was bezig de groep CS6 op te rollen na een aanslag op generaal Seyffardt. In dat kader deden ze op 23 juli 1943 een inval in het atelier op de zolder aan de Prinsengracht. Van Gilse liet zich langs de regenpijp naar beneden zakken, werd in zijn voet geschoten en even later toch opgepakt. De volgende dag werd de voet nog keurig geopereerd, maar twee maanden later kreeg hij een kogel recht in zijn hart. Samen met achttien anderen, onder wie Walter Brandligt, werd Maarten van Gilse op 1 oktober 1943 in de duinen geëxecuteerd. Hij rust nu op de erebegraafplaats in Bloemendaal.

De ‘epiloog’: Marianne van Raamsdonk had meteen na de inval op 23 juli de potkachel opgestookt om alle compromitterende documenten te verbranden. Omdat het een snikhete dag was, liep dat nogal in de gaten. Ook zij werd gearresteerd en via Vught naar Duitsland getransporteerd. Daar overleefde ze diverse concentratiekampen. Gerrit Kastein doodde zichzelf door kort na zijn arrestatie uit het raam te springen van de kamer waar hij verhoord zou gaan worden. Het hoekkamertje aan het Binnenhof, waar toen de Sicherheitsdienst huisde, is op 20 juni 2017 officieel omgedoopt tot ‘Kasteinkamer’. Janrik van Gilse trof het zelfde lot als zijn broer, hij werd op 28 maart 1944 doodgeschoten. Het is niet bekend waar hij begraven is. In de Van Gilsestraat in Amsterdam Slotermeer zijn de broers sinds 1953 weer herenigd. Vader Jan van Gilse, die ook in 1944 overleed, leeft nog voort in zijn composities. 

Bronnen: 
  • P.H. Heere, A. Th. Vernooij, De Eerebegraafplaats te Bloemendaal(Den Haag 2005) p 306
  • Marianne van Raamsdonk, Met het verleden bezig. Beelden en verhalen 1940-1945. Red.  Max van den Berg, Silvia de Groot (z.j.) pp 34-49
  • Arnhem de Genoeglijkste jrg 13 (1993) 3
  • De Vrije Kunstenaar, 15 november 1943
  • https://artistiekbureau.com/2017/04/12/de-oorlog-doorkomen/https://spanjestrijders.nl/sites/all/modules/contrib/extlink/extlink_s.png"); width: 10px; height: 10px; text-decoration: none; background-position: 2px center; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">(link is external)
Auteur: 
Margreet Schrevel
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fredvogels Tue, 11 Apr 2023 10:46:41 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/execution-spots/215299-maarten-van-gilse.html
Jan Hendrik (Janric) van Gilse https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/execution-spots/215298-jan-hendrik-janric-van-gilse.html

Jan Hendrik (Janric) van Gilse (München, 5 juni 1912 – Den Haag, 28 maart 1944) was een Nederlandse communist en verzetsman tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Van Gilse, reclametekenaar/graficus van beroep, was een zoon van de componist Jan van Gilse, en broer van Maarten van Gilse, eveneens verzetsstrijder.

In 1937 vertrok Janric van Gilse naar Spanje, waar hij voor het CPN-bestuur de verbindingsman was voor de Nederlandse leden van de Internationale Brigades in Barcelona. Eind 1938 keerde hij terug. Op grond van zijn Spaanse ervaring kreeg hij kort na de Februaristaking de opdracht van de militaire commissie van de CPN het militaire verzet in Nederland te organiseren. 

Samen met Max Meijer en Gerben Wagenaar richtte hij de Militaire Commissie, of Militair Contact (MC) op. Voor de CPN vervalste hij persoonsbewijzen en was hij betrokken bij verschillende aanslagen en overvallen. In februari 1944 bevrijdde hij, samen met onder andere Karel Pekelharing, zijn echtgenote Truus van Everdingen, die uit het Arnhemse Huis van bewaring naar het ziekenhuis vervoerd werd. 

Op 28 maart 1944 zou er een vergadering plaatsvinden in de Fultonstraat 19 in Den Haag. Als gevolg van verraad waren er SD-agenten in het pand aanwezig. Er was geen tijd meer mensen te waarschuwen, en de verzetsliedenliepen die middag de een na de ander in de SD-val. Van Gilse werd bij een vluchtpoging doodgeschoten. Het is onbekend waar hij begraven ligt. Op 1 oktober 1943 was zijn jongere broer Maarten (Mik) van Gilse ook al door de Duitsers geëxecuteerd.

Source Wikipedia

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fredvogels Tue, 11 Apr 2023 10:40:27 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/execution-spots/215298-jan-hendrik-janric-van-gilse.html
Auschwitz - mass grave https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215135-auschwitz047.html Auschwitz - mass grave
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215135-auschwitz047.html
Auschwitz - mass grave https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215134-auschwitz046.html Auschwitz - mass grave
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215134-auschwitz046.html
Auschwitz - mass grave https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215133-auschwitz045.html Auschwitz - mass grave
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215133-auschwitz045.html
Auschwitz - Pyre https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215132-auschwitz044.html Auschwitz - Pyre
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215132-auschwitz044.html
Auschwitz - Pyre https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215131-auschwitz043.html Auschwitz - Pyre
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215131-auschwitz043.html
Auschwitz - Pyre https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215130-auschwitz042.html Auschwitz - Pyre
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215130-auschwitz042.html
Auschwitz - Pyre https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215129-auschwitz041.html Auschwitz - Pyre
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215129-auschwitz041.html
Auschwitz - Pyre https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215128-auschwitz040.html Auschwitz - Pyre
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215128-auschwitz040.html
Auschwitz - Pyre https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215127-auschwitz039.html Auschwitz - Pyre
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215127-auschwitz039.html
Auschwitz - Pyre https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215126-auschwitz038.html Auschwitz - Pyre
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215126-auschwitz038.html
Auschwitz - Pyre https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215125-auschwitz037.html Auschwitz - Pyre
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215125-auschwitz037.html
Auschwitz - Main gate https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215124-auschwitz036.html Auschwitz - Main gate
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215124-auschwitz036.html
Auschwitz - Hospital https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215122-auschwitz034.html Auschwitz - Hospital
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215122-auschwitz034.html
Auschwitz - SS-barracks https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215121-auschwitz033.html Auschwitz - SS-barracks
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215121-auschwitz033.html
Auschwitz - Unload https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215119-auschwitz031.html Auschwitz - Disembarkation
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215119-auschwitz031.html
Auschwitz - SS-dogs https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215118-auschwitz030.html Auschwitz - SS-dogs
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215118-auschwitz030.html
Auschwitz - Kitchen barack https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215117-auschwitz029.html Auschwitz - Kitchen barack
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215117-auschwitz029.html
Auschwitz - Kitchen barack https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215116-auschwitz028.html Auschwitz - Kitchen barack
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215116-auschwitz028.html
Auschwitz - Delouse https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215115-auschwitz027.html

Auschwitz - Delouse
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.

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fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215115-auschwitz027.html
Auschwitz - Delouse https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215114-auschwitz026.html

Auschwitz - Delouse
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.

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fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215114-auschwitz026.html
Auschwitz - Potato storage https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215110-auschwitz022.html Auschwitz - Potato storage
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215110-auschwitz022.html
Auschwitz - Gravel pit https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215109-auschwitz021.html Auschwitz - Gravel pit
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215109-auschwitz021.html
Auschwitz - watersupply https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215108-auschwitz020.html Auschwitz - watersupply
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215108-auschwitz020.html
Auschwitz - Purifier water https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215107-auschwitz019.html Auschwitz - Purifier water
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215107-auschwitz019.html
Auschwitz - Kitchen barack https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215106-auschwitz018.html Auschwitz - Kitchen barack
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215106-auschwitz018.html
Auschwitz - Kitchen barack https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215105-auschwitz017.html Auschwitz - Kitchen barack
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215105-auschwitz017.html
Auschwitz - Kitchen barack https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215104-auschwitz016.html Auschwitz - Kitchen barack
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215104-auschwitz016.html
Auschwitz - Kitchen barack https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215103-auschwitz015.html Auschwitz - Kitchen barack
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215103-auschwitz015.html
Auschwitz - Kitchen barack https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215102-auschwitz014.html Auschwitz - Kitchen barack
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215102-auschwitz014.html
Auschwitz - Purifier water https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215100-auschwitz012.html Auschwitz - Purifier water
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215100-auschwitz012.html
Auschwitz - Kitchen barack https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215098-auschwitz010.html Auschwitz - Kitchen barack
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215098-auschwitz010.html
Auschwitz - Kitchen barack https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215097-auschwitz009.html Auschwitz - Kitchen barack
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215097-auschwitz009.html
Auschwitz - Kitchen barack https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215096-auschwitz008.html Auschwitz - Kitchen barack
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215096-auschwitz008.html
Auschwitz - non-commissioned officers https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215123-auschwitz035.html Auschwitz - non-commissioned officers
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215123-auschwitz035.html
Auschwitz - Auschwitz station https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215120-auschwitz032.html

Auschwitz - Auschwitz station
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.

Photo Hans Citroen 

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fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215120-auschwitz032.html
Auschwitz - Sick barak female prisoners https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215113-auschwitz025.html Auschwitz - Sick barak female prisoners
Auschwitz Millions of Jews were exterminated here, commencing from the year 1941 and until the end of January 1945, in gas chambers, in incinerators, by shooting and by hanging. The Accused directed the commanders of this camp to use the gas Zyklon B and during the years 1942 and 1944 actually took steps to ensure the supply of a quantity of gas for the purpose of exterminating Jews.]]>
fredvogels Sun, 11 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0100 https://backtonormandy.org/the-history/nazi-terror/auschwitz-birkenau/215113-auschwitz025.html